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Definition
A Progressive Web App (PWA) is a website that uses modern web technologies to deliver an app-like experience. PWAs can work offline, send push notifications, and be installed on a device's home screen without going through an app store.
A Progressive Web App combines the reach of the web with the capabilities of native apps. Built with standard web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript), a PWA uses a service worker for offline caching, a web app manifest for installability, and HTTPS for security. Users can "install" a PWA to their home screen on mobile or desktop, and it launches in its own window without a browser address bar.
PWAs solve two persistent problems: the friction of app store distribution and the limitations of traditional websites. Users do not need to visit an app store, wait for a download, or grant broad permissions. PWAs load instantly on repeat visits thanks to aggressive caching, work on flaky networks, and update seamlessly in the background. Companies like Twitter, Starbucks, and Pinterest have reported significant engagement improvements after launching PWAs.
A PWA must be served over HTTPS, include a valid web app manifest (name, icons, start URL, display mode), and register a service worker that caches critical assets. Lighthouse, Google's auditing tool, can score a site's PWA readiness. Modern frameworks like Next.js and Nuxt offer PWA plugins that automate most of the setup.