SSL/TLS GuideCertificate TypesBest PracticesFree
How SSL/TLS Works
1
Client Hello
Browser connects to server and requests a secure connection, sharing supported TLS versions and cipher suites.
2
Server Hello
Server responds with its SSL certificate, chosen cipher suite, and public key.
3
Certificate Verification
Browser verifies the certificate against trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) and checks expiration.
4
Key Exchange
Browser and server perform a key exchange to establish a shared symmetric encryption key.
5
Encrypted Communication
All data is now encrypted with the shared key. The padlock appears in the browser.
Certificate Types
🔒 Domain Validation (DV)
Validation: Domain ownership only
Issuance: Minutes
Cost: Free - $100/yr
Trust Level: Basic
- Encrypts data in transit
- Verifies domain ownership
- Padlock in browser
- Ideal for blogs, small sites
Best Practices
- Always use TLS 1.2 or 1.3 (disable older versions)
- Enable HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)
- Use strong cipher suites and disable weak ones
- Set up automatic certificate renewal
- Redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS
- Use Certificate Transparency logs
Frequently Asked Questions
What is SSL/TLS?
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that secure communication over the internet. TLS is the modern successor to SSL.
Do I need an SSL certificate?
Yes. SSL certificates are essential for any website. They encrypt data in transit, verify server identity, and are required for HTTPS.
What is the difference between DV, OV, and EV certificates?
DV (Domain Validation) only verifies domain ownership. OV (Organization Validation) also verifies the organization. EV (Extended Validation) requires the most thorough verification.
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